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Anitha, N.
- Emerging Roles for Folate and Related B-Vitamins in Brain Health across the Lifecycle
Authors
1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy practice, Sultan-ul-Uloom College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, IN
Source
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 14, No Special Ed (2015), Pagination: 84-84Abstract
Nutrition plays a fundamental role in supporting the structural and functional development of the human brain from conception, throughout early infancy and extending into later life.A growing body of evidence suggests that folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins are essential for brain health across all age groups, owing to their specific roles in C1 metabolism and particularly in the production of S-adenosylmethionine, a universal methyl donor essential for the production of neurotransmitters.
Emerging, though not entirely consistent, evidence suggests that maternal folate status throughout pregnancy may influence neurodevelopment and behaviour of the offspring.
Furthermore optimal B-vitamin status is associated with better cognitive health in ageing. Of note, a recent clinical trial provided evidence that supplementation with folic acid and related B-vitamins over a 2-year-period reduced global and regional brain atrophy, as measured by MRI scan in older adults.
In terms of potential mechanisms, the effects of these B-vitamins on cognitive health may be independent or may be mediated by nutrient- nutrient and/or relevant gene-nutrient interactions.
Furthermore, a new area of research suggests that the in utero environment influences health in later life. Folate, an important cofactor in C1 metabolism, is indirectly involved in DNA methylation, which in turn is considered to be one of the epigenetic mechanisms that may underlie fetal programming and brain development.
The present review will explore the evidence that supports a role for folate and the related B-vitamins in brain health across the lifecycle, and potential mechanisms to explain such effects.
Keywords
B-Vitamins, Folate, C1 Metabolism, Cognitive Health, Cognitive Performance.Full Text
- Evaluation of Medication Errors in an Acute Multi Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sultan-ul-Uloom College of Pharmacy, Mount Peasant, 8-2-249, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad - 34, Telangana, IN
Source
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 15, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 86-90Abstract
Purpose of the study : The aim of the study was to evaluate medication errors in the Acute Multi Care Unit in a tertiary care hospital. The study aims to promote safety in medication use and ensure quality in the healthcare service. The study objective was to detect and categorize medication errors, to ensure rational drug use in the hospital, to make recommendations for doctors, nurses, and patients to promote safe use of medications.
Design and Methodology : The study was conducted in 152 inpatients in the Acute Multi Care Unit in a tertiary care hospital located in Hyderabad. It is a prospective observational study carried over a period of 8 months. Data was collected using a data collection form which included patient details, drug details, and criteria for identifying errors, its categorization, and the details of drugs involved in errors. Complete details of patients and medications were recorded through a review of nursing charts, patient's admission chart, patient's history sheet and doctor's order sheet. Collected details were then evaluated to detect the prescribing, administration, omission error, dose error and poly pharmacy.
Results: The study was conducted in 152 patients, where total number of prescriptions with error is 28. The percentage distribution of prescriptions with error (18%) and without error (82%) was also calculated. Among which prescribing errors (50%) were the most frequently occurring types of errors, which was followed by omission errors (18%), administration error (18%) and dose error (14%). Error prescriptions belonging to male patients were (60.7%) while for females it was (39.3%). And a total of 26 Poly pharmacy prescriptions were also reported among which (69%) belongs to male and (31%) belongs to female.
Conclusion: The professionals involved in the practice should be focused, alert and determined. The nursing staff also needs to be slightly more knowledgeable and focused. Since this is an observational study and there is no scope of any intervention which can modify outcome.
Keywords
Medication Error, Acute Multi Care Unit, Polypharmacy, Prescribing Error, Administration Error, Omission Error and Dose Error.Full Text
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- Development of Nevirapine Tablets by Direct Compression Method Using Solid Dispersion Technique
Authors
1 Sultan–ul–Uloom College of Pharmacy, Road No: 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500034, Telangana State, IN
2 Bojjam Narasimhulu Pharmacy College for Women, Saidabad, Hyderabad – 500059, Telangana State, IN
Source
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 16, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 72-79Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the research is to develop Nevirapine tablets by direct compression method by improving solubility using solid dispersion technique.
Methodology: Nevirapine is anti-viral drug, which is used in the prevention and treatment of HIV infections. It belongs to class II drug in Bio-Pharmaceutical Classification System i.e. low solubility and high permeability. It has a biological half-life of 45 hours. One of the major problems with this drug is its low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Here, solid dispersions of Nevirapine are prepared with different carriers such as Plasdone S-630 and Soluplus in order to increase its solubility and dissolution rate. By increasing the solubility of Nevirapine, its bioavailability can be increased. Pre-formulation studies regarding the drug-carrier interaction was carried out by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Nevirapine solid dispersions were evaluated for solubility, drug content estimation and in vitro dissolution studies. Powder blend was evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio and angle of repose.
Findings: The dissolution pattern of the Nevirapine from all the standard dispersions followed predominantly first order kinetics. The study reflects the vital role of polymers as a novel approach to improve the solubility of nevirapine, which could minimize the variable dissolution rate with increase in bioavailability. With the studies conducted, the percentage drug release of Nevirapine was increased by melting method with Nevirapine: Plasdone S630 in the ratio of 1:2.
Practical implications: Nevirapine is a suitable drug to formulate into tablet by using the above mentioned carriers and may provide a better therapeutic profile than that of conventional dosage form.
Keywords
Nevirapine, PlasdoneS630, Solid Dispersion Technique, Soluplus.Full Text
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